China (Mainland)
- Product Details
Keywords
- Cisplatin
- 15663-27-1
- Cl2H6N2Pt
Quick Details
- ProName: Cisplatin
- CasNo: 15663-27-1
- Molecular Formula: Cl2H6N2Pt
- Appearance: Yellow crystalline
- Application: API
- DeliveryTime: within 3-7 day
- PackAge: As required
- Port: shanghai or other
- ProductionCapacity: 5 Metric Ton/Month
- Purity: 99%
- Storage: keep in dry and cool condition
- Transportation: by sea or by air
- LimitNum: 1 Kilogram
Superiority
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Details
| Cisplatin Basic information |
| Product Name: | Cisplatin |
| Synonyms: | сis-Dichlorodiammine Platinum(II);Cisplatin(Carboplatin Ep Impurity A);cis-DIAMINEPLATINUM (II) CHLORIDE, 99.999%cis-DIAMINEPLATINUM (II) CHLORIDE, 99.999%cis-DIAMINEPLATINUM (II) CHLORIDE, 99.999%cis-DIAMINEPLATINUM (II) CHLORIDE, 99.999%;CIS-DICHLORODIAMINEPLATINUM(II);CIS-DICHLORODIAMMINOPLATINUM;CIS-DICHLORODIAMMINE PLATINUM[II];TRANS-DIAMMINEDICHLOROPLATINUM(II) |
| CAS: | 15663-27-1 |
| MF: | Cl2H6N2Pt |
| MW: | 300.05 |
| EINECS: | 239-733-8 |
| Product Categories: | -;Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients;Antitumors for Research and Experimental Use;Biochemistry;Classes of Metal Compounds;Pt (Platinum) Compounds;Transition Metal Compounds;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;Caspases/Apoptosis;anti cancer;ammine metal halide;Anti Cancer Reagents;Pharmaceutical material and intermeidates;chemical reaction,pharm,electronic,materials;Anti-cancer&immunity;Inhibitors |
| Mol File: | 15663-27-1.mol |
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| Cisplatin Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 340 °C (dec.)(lit.) |
| density | 3,7 g/cm3 |
| storage temp. | Store at RT |
| solubility | Soluble in DMF. Insoluble in most common solvents |
| form | crystalline |
| color | yellow |
| Water Solubility | <0.1 g/100 mL at 19 ºC |
| Merck | 14,2317 |
| Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, aluminium, antioxidants. |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 15663-27-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Platinum, diamminedichloro-, (SP-4-2)-(15663-27-1) |
| Safety Information |
| Hazard Codes | T |
| Risk Statements | 45-25-41-60-46-42/43-36/37/38 |
| Safety Statements | 53-26-39-45-99-36/37/39-22 |
| RIDADR | UN 3288 6.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | TP2455000 |
| F | 10-21 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2843 90 90 |
| HazardClass | 6.1(a) |
| PackingGroup | II |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 15663-27-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 in guinea pigs: 9.7 mg/kg i.p. (Fleishman) |
| Cisplatin Usage And Synthesis |
| History of discovery |
Cisplatin is currently one of the most commonly used drugs used in combination chemotherapy with its chemical full name being cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum. It belongs to inorganic metal complexes. After the dissociation of the chlorine atom, it can be cross-linked with the DNA of the cancer cell DNA, thereby destroying the DNA function. It can form intra-strand or inter-strand crosslink with the DNA and may also form a cross-link with DNA and protein, and can inhibit cell mitosis, belonging to cell cycle non-specific drugs. In addition to its anti-cancer effect, it is still capable of inhibiting lymphocyte transformation and having immunosuppression effect and thus can be used as the metal complex-class anti-cancer drugs. In 1844, it had been first successfully developed by the French chemist Mario Rampini and has been ever called Rampini's salt. It appears as an orange crystal. It has a small solubility (being 0.252 g/ 100 g of water at 25 ℃) and can be produced through the reaction between tetrachloro platinum (II) solution of potassium and ammonia. In 1891, the modern founder of coordination chemistry, Werner, starting from the study of this class of compounds, had successfully established a complex theory, and clarified the cis structure of the Rampini's salt. It was not until 1965 that the anticancer activity of cisplatin was found by Rosenberg and his colleagues from University of Michigan USA. When studying the effect of the electric filed on the growth of E. coli, they found that when putting into the metallic platinum to the medium containing ammonium chloride and then sending through 2 ampere for two hours, the reproduction of E. coli was inhibited. Further studies had showed that this is the effect of the cisplatin which is the product produced through the chemical reaction between the ammonia chloride and the platinum ion produced by electrolytic oxidation in the electrode. Rosenberg thought that given that cisplatin can prevent cell division, it should also have anticancer activity. Through the anti-cancer test, it has been proven that there is a good anti-cancer effect of cisplatin, drawing broad interest in metal complexes pharmacology. People had organized international cooperation research on chemistry, biology and medical field, finally enabling the successful applications of cisplatin in the treatment of cancer. In December 1978, the US Food and Drug Administration had approved cisplatin for clinical application and make it as a commodity to supply the market. It has properties such as broad anti-tumor spectrum and being effective in treating hypoxic cells. However, it has toxicity to the kidneys, nervous system and pancreas. Modern pharmacology has classified this product as antineoplastic agents. |
| Pharmacological effects |
Cisplatin is the most commonly used metal platinum complexes with the platinum atoms containing in the molecule being important for its anti tumor effect. However, it is also effective in the form of cis while being invalid in the Trans form. It can be cross-linked to DNA strand, showing cytotoxicity. After its dissolution inside the human body, it doesn’t need carrier transport in the body while being able to penetrate through the charged cell membrane. Owing to the low intracellular chloride concentration (4mmol /L), chloride ions are replaced by the water with the charge being positive which has a similar effect as bifunctional group of alkylating agent. It can combine with the nuclear DNA bases, forming three forms of cross-linking, resulting in DNA damage, further destroying DNA replication and transcription with the capability of inhibiting the synthesis of RNA and proteins at high concentrations as well. Cisplatin is characterized by broad anti-cancer spectrum, being effective in treating hypoxic cells and strong action. It has been widely used in the treatment of testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer and brain cancer with significant efficacy. However, cisplatin has certain toxicity when being used in the treatment of cancer and thus being able to cause side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously identify analogues of cisplatin with less toxicity and clinical effect being similar as cisplatin. So far scientists from various countries have been synthesized and tested thousands of cisplatin-related metal complexes and have developed the second-generation anti-cancer platinum complexes with carboplatin being the representative. The third generation anticancer metal complexes have also been identified with titanocene dichloride as the representative. These compounds have nothing to do with cisplatin from the chemical perspective but they have relative good efficacy in treating some kinds of cancer which can be hardly treated by cisplatin without doing harm to the kidney function. Now people in this area are continuing extensive research with the efforts majorly lining in exploring the anticancer mechanism of metal complexes at the molecular level. China has already started producing the goods of cisplatin and has carried out research in this area. Cisplatin belongs to non-specific cell cycle drugs with cytotoxicity. Since the proliferation and synthesis rate of cancer cells is more rapid than normal cells, the cancer cell is more sensitive than normal cell to the toxic effects of this product. It can inhibit the DNA replication of cancer cell, and destroy the structure of the cell membrane. It has a strong broad-spectrum anti-cancer effect. It can be used for the treatment of ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer and other genitourinary malignancies with an excellent efficacy. When being used in combination with vincristine, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil, it has an excellent efficacy in the treatment of malignant lymphoma, breast cancer, carcinoma of head and neck squamous cell, thyroid cancer, and osteosarcoma, etc. Cisplatin, in combination with radiotherapy, can be used in the treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer; nasopharyngeal cancer and esophageal cancer with prominent effect. It also has certain efficacy in the treatment of liver cancer and soft tissue sarcoma. Cisplatin, as a strong accumulative drug, is easy to produce renal toxicity with the gastrointestinal reactions being relatively common with neutropenia occurring in some patients but can be restored after the withdrawal of drugs for 7 to 14 days. In addition, the DNA damage effect of this product can also possibly change the antigenicity in the nucleus or the cell surface so that the original hidden surface antigen is exposed, stimulating the immune suppression of antibodies and exert their cytotoxic effects. This information is edited by Xiongfeng Dai from Chemicalbook. |
| Adverse reactions and side effects |
Upon being subject to one-time injection of cisplatin for 50mg/m2, 25% to 30% of patients can get azotemia. Upon a larger dose and continuous medication, it can have serious and long-lasting kidney toxicity, manifested as tubular swelling, degenerative disease, elevated level of serum urea nitrogen, decreased creatinine clearance, hematuria, proteinuria, and even uremia. It may have mild to moderate bone marrow toxicity whose degree depends on the amount of cisplatin. Anemia is common and may be accompanied with hemolysis. The patients can get severe nausea and vomiting which often appears at the beginning of treatment within 1h, lasting 8~12 h. The patients can administrate dexamethasone, ondansetron and diazepam to reduce the reaction. It can cause malignant renal toxicity and is prone to occur at patients free from hydration and patients of diuretic therapy. Combination with renal toxic antibiotics may increase the risk of enhancing acute renal failure. It can commonly cause high-frequency hearing loss, and occasionally significant hearing loss. Tinnitus can occur at rare cases. There may be significant symptoms of hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia which may occur in a few days after treatment. After several times of administration can cause allergic reaction which can occur within minutes after administration, being manifested as facial edema, wheezing, tachycardia, etc. The patients should be quickly subject to anti-allergy measures such as antihistamine and adrenocorticotropic hormone. There may be peripheral nerve toxicity. Hyperuricemia occurs rarely. There are occasional symptoms of orthostatic hypotension. |
| Chemical Properties | It appears as orange or yellow crystalline powder with the Mp being 268-272°C (decomposition). It is slightly soluble in water and easily soluble in dimethylformamide. In aqueous solution, it can be gradually transformed into trans-and hydrolysis. |
| Chemical Properties | Cisplatin is a white powder or yellow crystalline solid; freezing/melting point = 270°C (decomposes). Soluble in water |
| Uses | muscle relaxant (skeletal) |
| Uses | antitumor agent |
| Uses | Used as an antineoplastic |
| Uses | A potent platinum-based antineoplastic drug. Its mode of action involves formation of inter- and intrastrand DNA adducts which activate signaling pathways culminating in apoptosis. Platinated DNA adducts also enhance poisoning of DNA topoisomerase I. Cisplatin synergizes with a variety of anticancer agents. Tumor cells rapidly develop resistance to cisplatin and numerous agents are available to block or reverse resistance. |
| Definition | ChEBI: A diamminedichloroplatinum compound in which the two ammine ligands and two chloro ligands are oriented in a cis planar configuration around the central platinum ion. An anticancer drug that interacts with, and forms cross-links between, D A and proteins, it is used as a neoplasm inhibitor to treat solid tumours, primarily of the testis and ovary. |
| Definition | cisplatin: A platinum complex, cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2], used in cancer treatmentto inhibit the growth oftumours. It acts by binding betweenstrands of DNA. |
| Indications | Cisplatin (Platinol) is an inorganic coordination complex with a broad range of antitumor activity. It is especially useful in the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancer. It binds to DNA at nucleophilic sites, such as the N7 and O6 of guanine, producing alterations in DNA structure and inhibition of DNA synthesis. Adjacent guanine residues on the same DNA strand are preferentially cross-linked. This platinating activity is analogous to the mode of action of alkylating agents. Cisplatin also binds extensively to proteins. It does not appear to be phase specific in the cell cycle. |
| General Description | administrationin the treatment of a wide variety of cancers includingnon-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer,testicular cancer, and cancers of the head and neck. A liposomalform is also available as well as an injectable collagenmatrix gel containing cisplatin. Compared with other platins,cisplatin is the most reactive and therefore the most effectivein platinating DNA. After IV administration, the agent iswidely distributed, highly protein bound (90%), and concentratesin the liver and kidney. After infusion, covalent attachmentto plasma proteins occurs such that after 4 hours, 90%of drug is protein bound. The elimination of platinum fromthe blood is a slow process with a terminal elimination halflifeof 5 to 10 days. Metabolism involves aquation, which occursto a greater extent once distribution out of the plasmahas occurred. Additional metabolites have been seen resultingfrom reaction with glutathione and cysteine. The greaterreactivity of cisplatin gives rise to significant toxicitiescompared with other platins. These include dose-limitingnephrotoxicity, which normally presents as elevated bloodurea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. This effect is cumulativeupon repeated dosing and may progress further to necrosis,altered epithelial cells, cast formation, and thickening ofthe tubular basement membranes but is generally reversibleupon discontinuation of drug treatment. Sodium thiosulfatemay be given to reduce the nephrotoxicity. Neurotoxicitymay also be dose limiting, normally presenting initially asnumbness but may progress to seizure. Other adverse effectsinclude myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, alopecia,ototoxicity, ocular toxicity, azoospermia, impotence, myocardialinfarction, thrombotic events, and inappropriatesecretion of antidiuretic hormone. |
| General Description | An anticancer drug. Orange-yellow to deep yellow solid or powder. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Insoluble in water. |
| Reactivity Profile | Cisplatin is incompatible with oxidizing agents. Cisplatin is also incompatible with aluminum. Cisplatin may react with sodium bisulfite and other antioxidants. |
| Fire Hazard | Flash point data for Cisplatin are not available; however, Cisplatin is probably combustible. |
| Pharmaceutical Applications | CDDP, also referred to as cisplatinum or cisplatin, is a yellow powder and has found widespread use a chemotherapeutic agent. |
| Biological Activity | Potent anticancer agent that blocks DNA synthesis. Induces apoptosis via p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Inhibits X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) expression and activates caspase-3. In certain glioma cell lines, sensitizes cells to TNF- α -induced apoptosis. |
| Mechanism of action | Cisplatin shows biphasic plasma decay with a distribution phase half-life of 25 to 49 minutes and an elimination half-life of 2 to 4 days. More than 90% of the drug is bound to plasma proteins, and binding may approach 100% during prolonged infusion. Cisplatin does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Excretion is predominantly renal and is incomplete. |
| Clinical Use | Cisplatin, combined with bleomycin and vinblastine or etoposide, produces cures in most patients with metastatic testicular cancer or germ cell cancer of the ovary. Cisplatin also shows some activity against carcinomas of the head and neck, bladder, cervix, prostate, and lung. |
| Side effects | Renal toxicity is the major potential toxicity of cisplatin. Severe nausea and vomiting that often accompany cisplatin administration may necessitate hospitalization. Cisplatin has mild bone marrow toxicity, yielding both leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Anemia is common and may require transfusions of red blood cells. Anaphylactic allergic reactions have been described. Hearing loss in the high frequencies (4000 Hz) may occur in 10 to 30% of patients. Other reported toxicities include peripheral neuropathies with paresthesias, leg weakness, and tremors. Excessive urinary excretion of magnesium also may occur. |
| Safety Profile | Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Poison by ingestion, intramuscular, submtaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects: change in audttory acuity, change in kidney tubules, changes in bone marrow, corrosive to skin, depressed renal function tests, hallucinations, nausea or vomiting. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cland NOx. See also PLATINUM COMPOUNDS. |
| Potential Exposure | A potential danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation and administration of this anticancer chemotherapy agent. Contact with water causes decomposition. |
| Veterinary Drugs and Treatments |
In veterinary medicine, the systemic use of cisplatin is presently limited to use in dogs. The drug has been, or may be, useful in a variety of neoplastic diseases including squamous cell carcinomas, transitional cell carcinomas, ovarian carcinomas, mediastinal carcinomas, osteosarcomas, pleural adenocarcinomas, nasal carcinomas, and thyroid adenocarcinomas. Cisplatin may be useful for the palliative control of neoplastic pulmonary effusions after intracavitary administration. In horses, cisplatin has been used for intralesional injection for skin tumors. |
| Carcinogenicity | Cisplatin is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. |
| Shipping | UN2928 Toxic solids, corrosive, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required. UN3290 Toxic solid, corrosive, inorganic, n.o.s., Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material. UN3288 Toxic solids, inorganic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN3249 Medicine, solid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials |
| Purification Methods | Recrystallise it from dimethylformamide and check the purity by IR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. [Raudaschl et al. Inorg Chim Acta 78 143 1983.] HIGHLY TOXIC, SUSPECTED CARCINOGEN. |
| Incompatibilities | Aluminum reacts with cisplatin and decreases the drug’s effectiveness. Do not use any aluminum equipment to prepare or administer cisplatin. |
| Waste Disposal | Disposal of unused product must be undertaken by qualified personnel who are knowledgeable in all applicable regulations and follow all pertinent safety precautions including the use of appropriate protective equipment. For proper handling and disposal, always comply with federal, state, and local regulations |
| Regulations |
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Cisplatin is a prescription drug subject to labeling and other requirements. |
